The lateral and posterior cutaneous nerves of thigh and cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve are responsible for majority of cutaneous nerve distribution. With respect to the coracoid process of the scapula, a. Radiographs of the lower limb for added interest, you should always try to relate what you learn in normal anatomy to the way how it shows up in a radiograph. The anatomy of the lower limb includes the foot, leg, thigh and the gluteal region. Muscular dysfunction of the lower limb muscles, stemming from an array of etiologies, is associated with pain.
Lower limb injury to the large femoral artery can cause rapid exsanguination of the patient. Mnemonics are highly recommended for written and spot tests. Understand foot, ankle and lower limb anatomy visually and clinically. Femoral nerve obturator nerve sciatic nerve which is deepened by the fibrocartilaginous labrum acetabulare. Poplitea by placing a roll in the popliteal fossa and calf maximal flexion. Injuries to lower limb v1 page 1 of 25 injuries to lower limb the following is a list of common sporting conditions and injuries. The head of the fibula is the bones most proximal as pect. Lymph from the upper limb drains into lymphatic vessels travelling with both deep and superficial veins. So thats all on textbook of anatomy abdomen and lower limb. The muscles that act on the lower limb fall into three groups. Hip joint synovial ballandsocket joint a head of femur b lunate surface of acetabulum 2articular surfaces. Each chart groups the muscles of that region into its component groups, making your revision a million times easier. Muscles moving thigh anterior muscles of the lower limb. Instant anatomy is a specialised web site for you to learn all about human anatomy of the body with diagrams, podcasts and revision questions.
This summary on the gross anatomy of the upper limb is done in the form of mnemonics according to the theory from grays anatomy for students. Lymphatic drainage of the lower limb follows the course of veins superficial medial vessels great saphenous vein. The branches of nerves of sacral and lumbar plexuses are the points of origin of cutaneous nerves that supply the lower limb, the exception being some proximal unisegmental nerves that originate from t12 or l1 spinal nerves. Their origins and insertions are difficult to remember, and they are best considered as parts of general functional groups. This rotation explains the twisted dermatomal arrangement in the limbs due to the rotation of the limbs. Pdf this short chapter presents the critical thinking behind the guidelines concerning rehabilitation of the lower limb, a wide but incomplete field find, read and cite all the research. The fibula contains some important bone markings, as well. The lower limb is designed for weightbearing, balance, and mobility. Muscles of the lower limb iliacus part of iliopsoas origin. The superficial system is located in the subcutaneous tissue, whereas the deep system is located in the deep fascia of the lower limb.
Request pdf lower limb nerve supply the chapter provides a detailed. For example, upper limb muscles are grouped by shoulder and arm, forearm and hand. Lower 5 intercostal, iliohypogastic and ilioinguinal transversus abdominis deepest iliac crest, lateral of inguinal ligament, cartilage of lower 6 ribs linea alba compress abdomen lower 5 intercostal, iliohypogastic and ilioinguinal true back muscles superficialdeep origin insertion action. The nerves of the lower limb originate from ventral anterior primary rami of the lumbar and sacral nerves while creating the lumbar plexus l1l4 in the posterior abdominal wall and the sacral plexus l4s4 in the pelvis. The axillary sheath investing the neurovascular bundle in the axilla is continuous in the posterior triangle of the neck with the. It comprises of highly detailed and wellversed chapters on the bones of upper limbs as well as the pectoral region, scapular region, the forearm and the anatomy of the hand, joints of upper limbs and so on. Our lower limbs carry us, allow us to push forward, and also keep us standing still. Textbook of anatomy abdomen and lower limb pdf free download. Cutaneous innervation refers to the area of the skin which is supplied by a specific nerve. As treatment therefore is quite subjective we have merely provided a list of commonly used. Muscles, osteofascial compartments, vessels, and nerves of. Phocomelia, based on the greek phoke, a seal, refers to a flipperlike limb, that is, a hand or foot. Unlike in the upper extremity, arterial injuries of the lower limb do not have a good prognosis.
The thigh, leg, and foot constitute the lower limb. The muscles of the lower limb are numerous and complex. The bones and muscles of the lower limb are larger and stronger than those of the upper limb, which is necessary for the functions of weightbearing and balance. Lateral vessels small saphenous vein popliteal nodes deep fewer than superficial counterparts. Muscles of the lower limb learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. The human lower limb is specially adapted to bear weight in an upright position and to walk. Mcminns color atlas of lower limb anatomy is the ideal study aid or trusted visual reference for the range of students and practitioners who require a detailed understanding of. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Muscles of the lower limb radiology reference article. Pdf lowerlimb coordination and shoulder joint mechanics. Mcminns color atlas of lower limb anatomy 5th edition pdf.
Muscles of the lower limb muscle origin insertion action innervation artery notes abductor digiti minimi foot medial and lateral sides of the tuberosity of the calcaneus lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit abducts the 5th toe. Hip extensors name origin insertion innervation function gluteus maximus behind the posterior gluteal line sacrum sacrotuberous ligament deep part gluteal tuberosity on the upper shaft of the femur super. Penetrating injuries to the groin can damage the nerve and may be associated with lifethreatening injuries to both the femoral artery and vein. The bones of the lower limbs are considerably larger and stronger than comparable bones of the upper limbs because the lower limbs must support the entire weight of the body while walking, running, or jumping. Thigh femur knee patella leg tibia medial fibula lateral foot tarsals 7 metatarsals 5 phalanges 14. Normal and sonographic anatomy of selected peripheral. The effects of abdominal hollowing in lowerlimb pnf.
Femuralis on the middle of the inguinal fold by compressing to the pubic bone between anterior superior spine and simphisis 2. On the distal medial side of the tibia is the me dial malleolus, which is commonly referred to the inner ankle bone in lay terms. The usg image of peripheral nerves in the lower limb is identical to that of the upper limb, except that the phenomenon of anisotropy a difference in echogenicity related to a change of the incidence angle of the ultrasound cluster is more often encountered. Posterior upper limb trudy van houten, september 1, 2010 page 30. Two important muscles connect to this bone marking. Next to each muscle, youll find its origins, insertions, innervation s and functions. Bd chaurasia human anatomy pdf free download all volumes. Figure 1 illustrates features of the 30 bones of each lower limb. It is seen in the case of largediameter nerves, especially the sciatic nerve fig. Lower limb anatomy lecture notes ebook pdf download for. Modern texts are in agreement about which areas of the skin are served by which nerves, but there are minor variations in some of the details. Here in this thread i am sharing lecture notes in ebook format pdf for the subject lower limb anatomy for mbbs and other medical courses students. The inflammatory lesions of limb cause painful enlargement of the lymph nodes meanwhile blockage of lymphatics by microfilaral parasites makes huge edema of the lower limb, that is the reason why the understanding of lymphatic drainage system has great clinical importance.
Anatomy in diagnostic imaging 3rd edition free pdf download. The venous drainage of the lower limb consists of a superficial and a deep system. Gross anatomy lower limb innervation flashcards quizlet. This is a table of skeletal muscles of the human anatomy there are around 640 skeletal muscles within the typical human body. Almost every muscle constitutes one part of a pair of identical bilateral muscles, found on both sides, resulting in approximately 320 pairs of muscles, as presented in this article. The collateral circulations around the hip and knee joints, although present, are not as adequate as that around the shoulder and elbow. Nevertheless, the exact number is difficult to define because different sources group. Comparison of the muscle activations in the contralateral lower limb, according to the presence or absence of abdominal hollowing following the application of the pnf patterns, showed that the vastus lateralis remarkably increased from 41. Median arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus c8 and t1, humerusthis nerve passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Muscle name origin insertion action innervation muscles of. Groups of nodes are found in the cubital fossa and in the axilla. Bd chaurasiya human anatomy volume 1 pdf upper limb and thorax this book covers a vast portion of the upper body anatomy. Locomotion carry weight of entire erect body support points for muscular attachments components. The lower limbs rotate 90 medially, so that the knees point up.
Muscles, osteofascial compartments, vessels, and nerves of the. As each artery passes into the axilla armpit it becomes the. The veins of the deep system accompany the vessels of the arterial system, and they follow a similar naming structure. The distribution of innervation zones was investigated in 3 subjects for 17 muscles and 8 muscle groups in the upper and lower limb. Now we will provide you a download link for this book. Nerve injuries of the lower extremity clinical gate. Would be good if some of the longer tutorials were kept a bit shorter, e. Heres the complete overview of mcminns color atlas of lower limb anatomy 5th edition pdf.